Photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O -Light & chlorophyll---> C6 H12 O6 (sugar) + O2

Light dependent reaction (LR) --> Light, water, chlorophyll --> ATP + NADPH

Light independent reaction (DR) --> CO2 + NADP + ATP --> C6 H12 O6 (sugar)

__Chlorophyll__ Photosystem 1 / ps1 : p700 Photosystem 2 / ps2 : p680 > Electron Transport Change

__Plant pigments__ Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids

Dark reaction involves 2 sets of pigments. - occurs in the stroma ps2: photosynthesis of ATP and photolysis of water so that oxygen is produced.

13/05/10 - Holes called stoma that sizes are regulated by guard cells to allow air to enter the leaf. - Stomas generally found at lower surface area to cut down water loss through transpiration - Hence, spongy mesophyll are found at lower epidermis of the leave. - Spongy mesophyll are irregular cells with large intercellular air spaces to allow more air to enter the leave.

- Leaf is thin to allow air that enters through lower epidermis will still have access to the upper epidermis. - Large surface area to volume > thin and flat. - Main rib with stem(?) helps to expose large surface area to sunlight. - Transport system helps to bring water up to the leaf.

Why decolourise leave? - Put in hot water to destroy all enzymes, to stop all reaction

Limiting factor, saturation point.

- Too much heat causes enzyme molecules to lose shape, water molecules combine, cannot photosynthesize, plant dies.